Internal-combustion engine.



0. P. DAVIES.

INTERN/II. COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25, I912- v Patented Feb. 27, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

0. P. DAVIE S. .lNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILEDMAY25,1912.

Patented Feb. 27, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

D. P. DAVIES. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25, 1912- I 1,217,285. Patented Feb. 27, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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DAVID r: DAVIES, or RAGINE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR r0 J. I. CASE)THRESHING' ivrnonnvn COMPANY, or nncmn, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION.

INTEnnAL-coMBUsnoN ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 27, 1917.

Application filed May 25, 1912. Serial No. 699,780.

, To all whom it may concern:

Be it knownthat I, DAVID P. Davies, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Racine, county of Racine, and State of \Visconsin, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-CombustionEngines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates to internal combustion engines and the inventionconsists in the features of improvement hereinafter set forth,illustrated in the accompanying drawings and more particularly pointedout in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the improvedengine with thecover of the crank case removed and certain parts shown in section. Fig.2 is a longitudinal section.

Fig. 3 is a detail View of the governor controlled throttle valve. Fig.1 is a crosssection on the line 44 of Fig. 2. Figs. 5 and 6 are detailsections on the lines 55. and 6'6, respectively of Fig. 1. v

The drawings illustrate a two cylinder engine of thehorizontal type,although it is to be understood that one or more cylinders can beemployed and the engine vertically disposed, if desired. The enginecylinders 1 are provided withheads 2. The opposite, inner ends of thecylinders fit within openings in one end of the crank casing 3. and areprovided with flanges 4 by which they are secured to the crank casing.Pistons 5 within the cylinders are connected by pitman rods 6 to thecrank pins 7 of the engine shaft 8. The latter is journaled in suitablebearings 9 on the sides of the crank casing and on a longitudinallyextending, U-shaped rib or partition which extends upwardly from thebottom of the crank casing midway between the sides thereof.

In the construction shown, the engine is horizontally disposed and thecrank casing fits between a pair of supporting side bars 11, which mayform the sills of a traction engine or the like. These side bars arepreferably formed of steel channels, the crank casing of the enginebeing bolted thereto and having side flanges 12 which rest upon theupper flanges of the side bars. Each cylinder 1 is provided with adownwardly projecting portion 13 which forms the exhaust valvecasing andwhich are provided with flattened, lower faces that rest upon the upperend of a transverse Z-bar 14 that extends between and is connected tothe. side sills or supports 11. The cylinders are not fixed to thetransverse supporting bar 14, but are free to slide to a" slight extentthereon as they are heated and cooled.

The depending cylinder portion 13 is pro; vided with an exhaust passage15, and the port leading thereto is controlled by an exhaust valve 16 onthe inner end of a stem 17 which extends through a suitable guideway orsleeve formed in the part 13. An inlet valve casing 18 is mounted on thehead 2- of each cylinder and carries an inlet valve 19 on a stem 20. Theinlet and exhaust valves are held to their seats by coiled springs 21and the valves are operated by rockers 22 and 23 mounted within thecrank casing between the cylinders and the engine shaft. The rockers 22for operating the exhaust valves are mounted intermediate their endsupon a pivot shaft which extends through and is centrally fixed to abracket 25. This bracket is mounted upon the central rib 10 of the crankcasing and projects upwardly therefrom. Actuating rods 26, connected tothe lower ends of the rockers 22, extend through openings in the innerend face of the crank casing and engage the ends of the exhaust valvestems 17. The rockers 23 for operating the inlet vah'es are mountedintermediate their ends upon pivot shafts 27 .that are secured to andproject inwardly from the side walls of the crank casing 3.' Actuatingrods 28 are connected to the lower ends of the rockers 23 and extendrearwardly therefrom through open- ,ings in the end wall of the crankcasing, and

crank casing and is 1ournaled at its ends in bearings 32, fixed to theside walls of the crank casing. Intermediate its ends, the cam shaft isjournaled in a bearing 33 on the bracket 25. This shaft is driven, asusual, at half the speed of the engine shaft by a gear or pinion 34 onone end of the crank shaft, which is connected to a gear 35' on theranged in the upper rear portion of the adjacent end of the cam shaftthrough the medium of an intermediate gear 36.

The inlet valve rockers 23 are operated by cams 37 fixed to the shaft 31adjacent its ends and arranged to engage rollers 38 mounted on the upperends of the rockers,

The exhaust valve rockers 22 are operated by cams 39 fixed to the shaftand arranged to engage rollers 40 on the upper ends of the rockers. Eachcam 39 is provided on one side with a comparatively long lug 41 which isprovided with a short, narrow lug 42- which is normally out of linewith'the roller .40. These parts are, however, relatively shiftable, sothat the roller can be acted upon by both the lugs 41 and 42, and-thelatter is arranged to hold the exhaust valve open during a portion ofthe compression stroke. The parts are shifted to throw this narrow luginto operation when the engine is started by hand, so as.yt0 partiallyrelieve the compression and thus facilitate the starting operation.

In the preferred construction shown, the rollers are laterally shiftableto a limited ex tent on pins 43, carried by the upper forked ends of therockers 22. A bar or member 44 is arranged to slide in a directionparallel to the cam shaft 31 in'guide-ways formed in'a pair of lugs orblocks 45 on the bracket 25. A pair of blocks 46 are adjustablyconnected by set screws 47 to the ends of the sliding member or bar 44,and the under 50. and having ahead on its upper end (see Fig.

sides of these blocks are grooved to receive the rollers 40 and to formside flanges, which slightly overlap the edges of the rollers.

The blocks 46 and the grooves therein are so arranged that they do notinterfere with the movement of the rollers 40 and rockers 22 effected bythe cams, but by shifting the.

member 44 and the blocks 46 thereon laterally, the rollers 40 can bemoved into and out of line with the narrow lugs 42 of the cams. Thisshift is effected by a lever 48 pivoted between its ends on the bracket25 3), which engages a notch in the sliding member or bar 44. The lowerforked end of the lever 48 engages the eccentric pin 49 on the end of ashaft 50. This shaft extends outwardly from the crank casing toward thehead end of the cylinders, and is journaled in. a bracket 51 on theunder side of the inlet or manifold pipe 52. A handle 53 serves tooscillate the shaft and, through the me-- dium of the bar 44 and groovedblocks 46 thereon, shift the rollers 40 into and out of line with thenarrow lugs 42 on the exhaust cams. Ordinarily, of course, the rollersare held out of line with these lugs, but, can he an insulated post 55,and the movable electrode upon a short rock shaft 56 extending throughthe plug. At its upper end, the shaft 56is provided with an arm 57, theouter forked end of which engages an operating rod 58. The fixedelectrode is shifted to engage the movable electrode by a sleeve 59loosely mounted on the rod 58 and which is pressed into engagement witha recess in the side of the arm 57 by a spring 60. The spring 60 iscoiled about the rod and extends between a shoulder on the sleeve 59 anda collar 61, which is adjustably fixed to the rod by a set screw 62. Ahammer 63 for separating the electrodes, is adjustahly threaded upon theouter end of the rod 58, and is held in place by a lock nut 64.

At its opposite end, the actuating rod extends through a guide sleeve 65which extends through and is fixed to the end wall of the crank casing.The central portion of the bore of this sleeve is enlarged, and a spring66 therein is coiled about the rod and engages a collar 67 thereon, andthis spring tends to hold the actuating rod in' such position that theelectrodes are separate.

Each actuating rod 58 is operated from the cam 69 on the shaft 31, andpreferably, through the medium of an adjustable tappet arm 7 O. The arms70 are pivoted to the ends of rock arms 71 which are mounted upon theends of a short rock shaft 72. The latter is journaled in an .upwardlyprojecting portion 73 on the bearing 33 of the cam shaft and is providedintermediate its ends with a depending arm 74.

The tappet arm 70 hangs down from the arm 71 between the cam 69 and theigniter actuating rod 58, and abuts against the latter. An L-shaped dog75 is pivoted upon the lowerend of the tappet arm and is arranged to beengaged by the periphery of the cam 69. The latter is provided with anenlarged portion, terminating in an abrupt shoulder 76. As the camrotates in the direction indicated by the arrow, the dog 75 is pressed.Tt also shifts the hammer '63 away from the arm 57 on the shaft of themovable electrode. When the dog 75 passes over the abrupt shoulder 76,the actuating rod is quickly restored by thespring 66 and the hammer 63tively to the cam 69, the time of ignition,

relatively to the movement of the pistons, can be varied, as desired.This adjustment is effected by a rod 78 which extends through the upperend portion of the crank casing and is connected to the arm 74 on theshaft 72.. The forward end of this rod is connected to an arm 79 on ashaft 80. The latter is j ournaled in brackets 81 on the manifold pipe52 and is provided at one end with an operating lever 83. This lever isprovided with the usual dog or catch arranged to engage a segment 81 tohold the parts in, adjusted position. By this means, the time ofignition 2 in the engine cylinders can be controlled.

One end of the cam shaft, outside of the crank casing, is provided withan eccentric 85. Two rods 86 and 87 are connected to this eccentric, oneof which operates an oiling device 88. The other rod .87 is detachablyconnected to a rocker 89 which operates two pumps 90. These pumps arearranged to force gasolene and a lower grade fuel, such as keroseneorthe like, from suitable tanks into the separate compartments of asmall vessel 91, which is mounted upon an elbow 92, the latter in turnbeing fixed to the body of a mixer or carbureter 93. The carbureteriscentrally fixed to the manifold pipe 52. Each compartment of thevessel 91 is provided with an inlet pipe 94 leading from thecorresponding pump and an overflow pipe 95 leading back to the mainsupply tank. Two pipes 96 (see Fig. 1) lead from the compartmentcontaining kerosene orother low grade fuel. These pipes(see Fig. 2) areconnected to.

a hollow cap piece 97, which is secured to the head 2 of each cylinderover the exhaust valve. This cap can be removed to afford access totheexhaust valve. At the same time, it is hollow and forms a heater forkerosene or other like low grade fuel, employed in the carbureter, thekerosene circulating therethrough from the vessel 91.

Either one of the compartments of the vessel 91 is connected by athree-way valve 98 to a fuel supply pipe 99, which opens through acontracted nozzle-like, air-inlet-lOO in one side of the mixing chamberof the carbureter 03. A supplemental air-inlet at the upper portion ofthe mixing chamber is controlled by a valve 101. which is held toitsseat by a spring 102. The stem 103 of this valve is 1 provided with anadjustable abutment 104: whichis arranged. to. engage a valve 105.

This valve is held to its seatby a spring 106,

r and is arranged to control a supply of water to the mixing chamber andwhich passes to the valve seat from a pipe 107. Needle valves 108-and109 regulate the amount of liquid fuel and water passing into the mixingchamber. v

The main air-inlet of the carbureter is controlled by a throttle valve110, which is adapted to be manually operated by a handle. A throttlevalve'lll is arranged between the mixing chamber and the manifold pipe52, which is connected to the inlet valve casings of the separatecylinders. This throttle valve may, if desired, be manually controlled,butis preferably automatically controlled by a governor. For thispurpose, the shaft of this valve is provided with an arm 112 (see Fig.3) which is arranged to be engaged by the lower end of a rock arm 113.This arm is pivoted between its ends on a bracket 11% and its upper endis adjustably connected to a rod 115; The opposite end of the rod 115 isconnected to a rock arm 116 mounted on one end of a shaft 117. Thisshaft is journaled in brackets 118 on a crank casing and one end of theshaft is provided ,with arms 119 arranged to engage a collar 120 on asleeve 121. This sleeve'is mounted upon a vertical governor shaft 122,which is journaled in a suitable bearing in one of the brackets 118, andis connected at its lower end by intermeshing worm gears 123 to one'endof the cam shaft 31. The sleeve 121 on the governor shaft is connectedto rock arms 124 which are pivoted to lugs 125 on the under side of acasing 126. Weighted lever arms 127 within the casing are connected tothe. rock arms 124, and are nor-. mally drawn together by springs 127. Across arm 128 mounted on the governor shaft, is arranged to engage theinner ends of springs 129,-the outer ends of which engage lugs 130- onthe upper face of the lower Wall of the casing 126. These springs form Ia yielding connection between the governor shaft and the casing 126 andthe parts carried thereby. The piston of the throttle valve 111 is thuscontrolled through the medium of the governor by the varying speed ofand the load on the engine. The casing 126 protects the parts of thegovernor andis provided with a cover 131'.

The crank casing is provided with cover sections 132 and 133. The latteris'arched, as shown, and is provided 'Witl'l a smaller swinging cover134.

1 It is obvious that changes may be made in the-details set forthwithout departure from the essentials of the invention as defined in theclaims. 7

I claim as my invention 1. In a horizontal, internal combustion engine,the combination with side frame bars, of a crank casing fitted betweensaid fie bars and having flanges overlapping and secured to said bars, across-support extending between said bars, cylinders mounted in one endof said crank casing and loosely resting on said cross support, pistonsin said cylinders, and a crank shaft journaled in said casing andconnected to said pistons, substantially as described.

2. In a four-cycle, internal combustion engine, the combination of acrank casing, a cylinder mounted at one end of said crank casing, acrank shaft and a separate parallel cam shaft journaled in said casing,two-toone gearing connecting said shafts, a piston in said cylinder, aconnecting rod coupled to said piston and to said crank shaft, saidcylinder having inlet and exhaust valves at its head end, rocker armspivotally mountedintel-mediate their ends, cams on saidcam shaftengaging the ends of said rocker arms, and valve actuating rodsconnected to the'opposite ends of said rocker arms and said gearing, thecams and rocker arms being arranged wltlnn said casing, substantlally asdescribed.

3. In a horizontal, internal combustion engine, the combination. of acrank casing, a motor cylinder at one end of said casing, a crank shaftjournaled in said casing, a piston in said cylinder, a connecting rodcoupled to said piston and to said crank shaft,

said cylinder having inlet and exhaust valves, a cam shaft journaled insaid casing and arranged between said crank shaft and said cylinder andabove said connecting rod,

rocker arms pivotally mounted intermediate their ends in said casing andarranged on opposite sides of said connecting rod, cams on said camshaft for operatively engaging the ends of said rocker arms, valveactuating rods connected to the opposite ends of said rocker arms, andgearing arranged in'said casing and connecting said crank shaft to saidcam shaft. a

4. In a horizontal internal combustion engine, the combination of acrank casing having a central longitudinal rib, an engine shaftjournaled on the sides and central rib of said crank casing and havingcranks on opposite sides of said central rib, horizontal cylindersmounted at the rear end of said crank casing, pistons in said cylinders,connecting rods coupled to said pistons and to the cranks of said shaft,a cam shaft journaled in the upper rear portion of said crank casingabove the paths of movement of said connecting rods, rocker armspivotally rnounted intermediatetheir ends upon the sides and central ribof said crank casing, said arms being arranged in pairs on oppositesidesof said connecting rods, cams on said cam shaft operatively engaging theupper ends of said rocker arms, said cyl inders having inlet andexhaustwvalves and operating rods for said valves connected to the lowerends of said rocker arms.

DAVID P. DAVIES. Witnesses:

HARRY L- CLAPP, KATHARINE GERLACH.

